TY - JOUR
T1 - Typologies of helicopter parenting and parental affection
T2 - associations with emerging adults’ academic outcomes
AU - Hwang, Woosang
AU - Jung, Eunjoo
AU - Hadi, Narges
AU - Shaffer, Maya
AU - Ko, Kwangman
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
PY - 2024/6
Y1 - 2024/6
N2 - This study’s first aim was to identify typologies of parenting among emerging adults based on helicopter parenting and parental affection indicators. Our second aim was to determine whether these defined types of parenting related to emerging adults’ self-efficacy and grade point average (GPA) across four parent–child gender combinations. We collected data from college students at three universities in the eastern United States (n = 848). Using latent class analysis, five parenting latent classes were identified: Low helicopter parenting (helicopter)-High parental affection (affection), Low helicopter-Low affection, High helicopter-High affection, High helicopter-Low affection, and Mixed helicopter-High affection. Furthermore, we found that children in the Low helicopter-High affection class reported better self-efficacy and GPA than those in the High helicopter-High affection class in the son-report-mother and daughter-report-mother groups. In addition, children in the Low helicopter-High affection class reported better self-efficacy than those in the Low helicopter-Low affection class in the son-report-father and daughter-report-father groups. Consequently, our findings highlight the significance of a multidimensional construct of parenting, focusing on helicopter parenting and parental affection. Our findings also demonstrate that types of parenting and their associations with emerging adults’ academic outcomes vary according to parent–child gender contexts.
AB - This study’s first aim was to identify typologies of parenting among emerging adults based on helicopter parenting and parental affection indicators. Our second aim was to determine whether these defined types of parenting related to emerging adults’ self-efficacy and grade point average (GPA) across four parent–child gender combinations. We collected data from college students at three universities in the eastern United States (n = 848). Using latent class analysis, five parenting latent classes were identified: Low helicopter parenting (helicopter)-High parental affection (affection), Low helicopter-Low affection, High helicopter-High affection, High helicopter-Low affection, and Mixed helicopter-High affection. Furthermore, we found that children in the Low helicopter-High affection class reported better self-efficacy and GPA than those in the High helicopter-High affection class in the son-report-mother and daughter-report-mother groups. In addition, children in the Low helicopter-High affection class reported better self-efficacy than those in the Low helicopter-Low affection class in the son-report-father and daughter-report-father groups. Consequently, our findings highlight the significance of a multidimensional construct of parenting, focusing on helicopter parenting and parental affection. Our findings also demonstrate that types of parenting and their associations with emerging adults’ academic outcomes vary according to parent–child gender contexts.
KW - Emerging adults
KW - Grade point average (GPA)
KW - Helicopter parenting
KW - Parental affection
KW - Parent–child gender differences
KW - Self-efficacy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85185488538&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85185488538&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12144-024-05745-8
DO - 10.1007/s12144-024-05745-8
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85185488538
SN - 1046-1310
VL - 43
SP - 19304
EP - 19316
JO - Current Psychology
JF - Current Psychology
IS - 21
ER -