Tuning the poisson's ratio of biomaterials for investigating cellular response

Cells sense and respond to mechanical forces, regardless of whether the source is from a normal tissue matrix, an adjacent cell or a synthetic substrate. In recent years, cell response to surface rigidity has been extensively studied by modulating the elastic modulus of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels. In the context of biomaterials, Poisson's ratio, another fundamental material property parameter has not been explored, primarily because of challenges involved in tuning the Poisson's ratio in biological scaffolds. Two-photon polymerization is used to fabricate suspended web structures that exhibit positive and negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), based on analytical models. NPR webs demonstrate biaxial expansion/compression behavior, as one or multiple cells apply local forces and move the structures. Unusual cell division on NPR structures is also demonstrated. This methodology can be used to tune the Poisson's ratio of several photocurable biomaterials and could have potential implications in the field of mechanobiology. A methodology to develop suspended structures with tunable Poisson's ratios is reported. Two-photon polymerization is used to fabricate suspended web structures with a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), based on analytical models. This technique could be used to investigate effects of altering the Poisson's ratio of several photocurable biomaterials on a variety of cellular aspects including morphology, gene expression, and migration using different cell types.