@article{29032778f5cb44fa88c0c2adcd80e49c,
title = "Time-dependent performance impairments produced by metrazol: amnesia or nonspecific drug effect?",
abstract = "Rats maintained on a 23 1/2 hr deprivation schedule were trained to obtain water and were given a convulsive dose of Metrazol following a single trial CER training. Animals which received the drug immediately after the conditioning were {"}amnesic{"} whether they had access to their 30 min home cage water 1 hr or 5 hr following the injection. Animals given the drug 4 hr following training were only {"}amnesic{"} if the home cage watering session followed but not if it preceded the Metrazol injection. The results suggest that the time of home cage water with respect to the {"}amnesic{"} treatment is an important variable in this type of paradigm. They also suggest that the drug produces time-dependent memory impairments.",
author = "Tibor Palfai and Bruce Albala",
note = "Funding Information: The ability of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) to interfere with retention performance is well documented (e.g., McGaugh, 1966; Spevack and Suboski, 1969; Jarvik, 1972). In general, retention appears to depend on the temporal relation of the convulsive treatment to the training trial. When this interval is brief, subsequent retention is severely affected. With increasing training-treatment intervals, however, the memory deficits dissipate. This time-dependent retention impairment is referred to as retrograde amnesia (RA). Chemical agents which produce convulsions also appear to be capable of inducing RA. Alpern and Kimble (1967) reported RA following Indoklon, and Weissman (1967) has shown the effect after picrotoxin. Convulsive doses of Metrazol have also been shown to produce RA in both, step-down (Kincaid, 1967a, 1967b; 1968), and step-through (Palfai and Chillag, 1971; van Buskirk and McGaugh, 1974) passive avoidance tasks, as. well as in a conditioned taste aversion paradigm (Ahlers and Best, 1972; MiUner and Palfai, 1975) and a conditioned fear situation (Palfai and Cornell, 1968). Some controversy still remains, however, as to whether the retention impairment produced by Metrazol is time-dependent or whether it occurs 1Supported partially by Research Grant MH 26800-01 from The National Institute of Mental Health. 2Supported partially by NSF Traineeship Grant MH 14258. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "1976",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/S0091-6773(76)90829-4",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "17",
pages = "453--461",
journal = "Neurobiology of Learning and Memory",
issn = "1074-7427",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
number = "4",
}