TY - JOUR
T1 - Three-Dimensional Printing of Double-Network Hydrogels
T2 - Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Outlook
AU - Kunwar, Puskal
AU - Ransbottom, Mark James
AU - Soman, Pranav
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.
PY - 2022/10/1
Y1 - 2022/10/1
N2 - Hydrogels are widely used materials due to their biocompatibility, their ability to mimic the hydrated and porous extracellular microenvironment, as well as their ability to tune both mechanical and biochemical properties. However, most hydrogels lack mechanical toughness, and shaping them into complicated three-dimensional (3D) structures remains challenging. In the past decade, tough and stretchable double-network hydrogels (DN gels) were developed for tissue engineering, soft robotics, and applications that require a combination of high-energy dissipation and large deformations. Although DN gels were processed into simple shapes by using conventional casting and molding methods, new 3D printing methods have enabled the shaping of DN gels into structurally complex 3D geometries. This review will describe the state-of-art technologies for shaping tough and stretchable DN gels into custom geometries by using conventional molding and casting, extrusion, and optics-based 3D printing, as well as the key challenges and future outlook in this field.
AB - Hydrogels are widely used materials due to their biocompatibility, their ability to mimic the hydrated and porous extracellular microenvironment, as well as their ability to tune both mechanical and biochemical properties. However, most hydrogels lack mechanical toughness, and shaping them into complicated three-dimensional (3D) structures remains challenging. In the past decade, tough and stretchable double-network hydrogels (DN gels) were developed for tissue engineering, soft robotics, and applications that require a combination of high-energy dissipation and large deformations. Although DN gels were processed into simple shapes by using conventional casting and molding methods, new 3D printing methods have enabled the shaping of DN gels into structurally complex 3D geometries. This review will describe the state-of-art technologies for shaping tough and stretchable DN gels into custom geometries by using conventional molding and casting, extrusion, and optics-based 3D printing, as well as the key challenges and future outlook in this field.
KW - 3D printing
KW - DLP printing
KW - double-network hydrogel
KW - extrusion printing
KW - molding and casting
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U2 - 10.1089/3dp.2020.0239
DO - 10.1089/3dp.2020.0239
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85140650888
SN - 2329-7662
VL - 9
SP - 435
EP - 449
JO - 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing
JF - 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing
IS - 5
ER -