The electrochemical impedance of polarized 316L stainless steel: Structure-property-adsorption correlation

Electrochemical (EC) impedance and polarization data were synergistically coupled with AFM micrographs providing insight on the polarized alloy-electrolyte interface. Several regions of oxide topography/impedance characteristic were apparent on a 316L SS surface. A relatively rough surface with apparent EC reaction products was observed below -500 mV. Smooth surfaces were seen from -500 mV to 200 mV. A transition region which displayed the aggregation of particles on the surface was seen from 200 mV to 600 mV. Above 600 mV these particles disappeared revealing a smooth topography. These topographical observations matched closely with the impedance behavior of the system, particularly the capacitance (C), polarization resistance (R _P) and current density. The presence of pre-adsorbed Fb had a significant impact on C below approximately -500 mV (increased capacitance). The deviation from ideality of the current response as determined by a KWW empirical dielectric decay function showed significant differences between PBS-immersed and pre-adsorbed Fb cases. Earlier, changes in Fb area coverage, height, and eccentricity were observed between voltages lower and higher than 0 mV. The presence of the flat-band potential around -150 mV as well as high cathodic charge-transfer reactions taking place below -100 mV relate to these observations.