TY - JOUR
T1 - Ten questions concerning occupant-centric control and operations
AU - Nagy, Zoltan
AU - Gunay, Burak
AU - Miller, Clayton
AU - Hahn, Jakob
AU - Ouf, Mohamed M.
AU - Lee, Seungjae
AU - Hobson, Brodie W.
AU - Abuimara, Tareq
AU - Bandurski, Karol
AU - André, Maíra
AU - Lorenz, Clara Larissa
AU - Crosby, Sarah
AU - Dong, Bing
AU - Jiang, Zixin
AU - Peng, Yuzhen
AU - Favero, Matteo
AU - Park, June Young
AU - Nweye, Kingsley
AU - Nojedehi, Pedram
AU - Stopps, Helen
AU - Sarran, Lucile
AU - Brackley, Connor
AU - Bassett, Katherine
AU - Govertsen, Krissy
AU - Koczorek, Nicole
AU - Abele, Oliver
AU - Casavant, Emily
AU - Kane, Michael
AU - O'Neill, Zheng
AU - Yang, Tao
AU - Day, Julia
AU - Huchuk, Brent
AU - Hellwig, Runa T.
AU - Vellei, Marika
N1 - Funding Information:
Syracuse University's (SU) effort was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Awards No. 1949372 and 2125775 ). RWTH Aachen's effort was partially funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) under grant nr. 03EN1002B . Maíra André would like to express her gratitude to the Brazilian Agencies Coordination for the Development of Higher Education Personnel – Brazil ( CAPES ), funding code number 001 . Jakob Hahn gratefully acknowledges the financial support received from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) promotional reference 03ET1648A (EnOB: NuData Campus). Northeastern University's effort was performed in part under an appointment to the Building Technologies Office (BTO) IBUILD- Graduate Research Fellowship administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) and managed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) . ORISE is managed by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) . All opinions expressed in this paper are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of DOE, EERE, BTO, ORISE, ORAU or ORNL. Lucile Sarran wishes to acknowledge Saint-Gobain Nordic, the Danish Innovation Fund and Realdania for providing the funding for her PhD project at the Technical University of Denmark . Karol Bandurski is supported by research grant SBAD PB 0958 from Poznan University of Technology . Concordia University's effort was supported by Fonds de Recherche du Québec Nature et technologies (FRQNT) Research Support for New Academics (Grant #315109)
Funding Information:
Occupant data grades can be acquired at different spatial resolutions and can broadly be categorized at the system/building-level and room/zone-level resolution. Depending on the building considered, system-level data may not apply to a whole building, but to a subset of zones that are controlled by a single unifying system (e.g., the zones controlled by a single air handling unit (AHU) in a building with multiple AHUs, where the AHU is the ‘system’ in this context). Similarly, it is not uncommon for multiple rooms to be grouped together as a zone (e.g., multiple rooms controlled by a single variable air volume (VAV) terminal unit, where the multiple rooms are collectively the ‘zone’ in this context). Therefore, when considering the spatial resolution of an OCC, consideration must be given to the granularity of the building's HVAC systems and lighting equipment. This is why higher spatial resolution (e.g., down to the workstation or sub-room level), while a promising research topic, is not considered in this paper; most buildings do not have infrastructure to support OCC at resolutions below the room/zone-level. Generally, because occupants and their preferences are so diverse, energy savings and occupant comfort increase as the spatial resolution of OCC becomes more granular [25]. However, occupant data at higher spatial resolutions requires denser sensing and data-collection/storage infrastructure, which increases installation and maintenance costs. The higher burden on controls-integrators that the increasing complexity of high-resolution OCCs brings cannot be discounted. This burden will likely decline as OCC and operation become standardized, such as recent efforts by O'Neill et al. [26], to incorporate OCCs such as DCV directly into sequences of operation via codes and standards like ASHRAE Guideline 36 [27].Syracuse University's (SU) effort was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Awards No. 1949372 and 2125775). RWTH Aachen's effort was partially funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) under grant nr. 03EN1002B. Maíra André would like to express her gratitude to the Brazilian Agencies Coordination for the Development of Higher Education Personnel – Brazil (CAPES), funding code number 001. Jakob Hahn gratefully acknowledges the financial support received from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) promotional reference 03ET1648A (EnOB: NuData Campus). Northeastern University's effort was performed in part under an appointment to the Building Technologies Office (BTO) IBUILD- Graduate Research Fellowship administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) and managed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). ORISE is managed by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU). All opinions expressed in this paper are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of DOE, EERE, BTO, ORISE, ORAU or ORNL. Lucile Sarran wishes to acknowledge Saint-Gobain Nordic, the Danish Innovation Fund and Realdania for providing the funding for her PhD project at the Technical University of Denmark. Karol Bandurski is supported by research grant SBAD PB 0958 from Poznan University of Technology. Concordia University's effort was supported by Fonds de Recherche du Québec Nature et technologies (FRQNT) Research Support for New Academics (Grant #315109)
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/8/15
Y1 - 2023/8/15
N2 - Occupant-Centric Control and Operation (OCC) represents a transformative approach to building management, integrating sensing of indoor environmental quality, occupant presence, and occupant-building interactions. These data are then utilized to optimize both operational efficiency and occupant comfort. This paper summarizes the findings from the IEA-EBC Annex 79 research program's subtask on real world implementations of OCC during the past 5 years. First, in Q1 and Q2, we provide a definition and categorization of OCC. Q3 addresses the role of building operators for OCC, while Q4 describes the implications for designers. Then, Q5 and Q6 discuss the role and possibilities of OCC for load flexibility, and for pandemic induced paradigm shifts in the built environment, respectively. In Q7, we provide a taxonomy and selection process of OCC, while Q8 details real world implementation case studies. Finally, Q9 explains the limits of OCC, and Q10 provides a vision for future research opportunities. Our findings offer valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers, contributing to the ongoing discourse on the future of building operations management.
AB - Occupant-Centric Control and Operation (OCC) represents a transformative approach to building management, integrating sensing of indoor environmental quality, occupant presence, and occupant-building interactions. These data are then utilized to optimize both operational efficiency and occupant comfort. This paper summarizes the findings from the IEA-EBC Annex 79 research program's subtask on real world implementations of OCC during the past 5 years. First, in Q1 and Q2, we provide a definition and categorization of OCC. Q3 addresses the role of building operators for OCC, while Q4 describes the implications for designers. Then, Q5 and Q6 discuss the role and possibilities of OCC for load flexibility, and for pandemic induced paradigm shifts in the built environment, respectively. In Q7, we provide a taxonomy and selection process of OCC, while Q8 details real world implementation case studies. Finally, Q9 explains the limits of OCC, and Q10 provides a vision for future research opportunities. Our findings offer valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers, contributing to the ongoing discourse on the future of building operations management.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110518
DO - 10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110518
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85164697605
SN - 0360-1323
VL - 242
JO - Building and Environment
JF - Building and Environment
M1 - 110518
ER -