@article{6a65480ffa9b490cba58ef9e6c0d730d,
title = "Swimming behaviors during diel vertical migration in veined squid Loligo forbesii",
abstract = "Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a vital behavior for many pelagic marine fauna. Locomotory tactics that animals use during DVM define the metabolic costs of migrations and influence the risk of detection and capture by predators, yet, for squids, there is little understanding of the fine-scale movements and potential variability during these migrations. Vertical migratory behaviors of 5 veined squid Loligo forbesii were investigated with biologging tags (ITags) off the Azores Islands (central North Atlantic). Diel movements ranged from 400 to 5 m and were aligned with sunset and sunrise. During ascent periods, 2 squid exhibited cyclic climb-and-glide movements using primarily jet propulsion, while 3 squid ascended more continuously and at a lower vertical speed using mostly a finning gait. Descents for all 5 squid were consistently more rapid and direct. While all squid swam in both arms-first and mantle-first directions during DVM, mantle-first swimming was more common during upward movements, particularly at vertical speeds greater than 25 cm s-1. The in situ variability of animal posture, swim direction, and gait use revealed behavioral flexibility interpreted as energy conservation, prey capture, and predator avoidance.",
keywords = "Bio-logging, Climb-and-glide, DVM, Diel vertical migration, Jet propulsion, Squid, Swimming behavior",
author = "Cones, {Seth F.} and Ding Zhang and Shorter, {K. Alex} and Kakani Katija and Mann, {David A.} and Jensen, {Frants H.} and Jorge Fontes and Pedro Afonso and Mooney, {T. Aran}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the technical staff at IMAR/Okeanos-UAc for their assistance and in the field operations. The work was funded by the National Science Foundation's Program for Instrument Development for Biological Research (to T.A.M., K.K., and K.A.S.). Additionally, S.F.C. thanks the National Science Foundation's Graduate Re - search Fellowship Program for funding assistance. J.F. thanks Fundo Regional para a Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia for grant 01-0145-FEDER-000140 and Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia for grants FCT20006-UIDB/05634/2020 and FCT20007-UIDP/05634/2020). Funding Information: Acknowledgements. We thank the technical staff at IMAR/ Okeanos-UAc for their assistance and in the field operations. The work was funded by the National Science Foundation{\textquoteright}s Program for Instrument Development for Biological Research (to T.A.M., K.K., and K.A.S.). Additionally, S.F.C. thanks the National Science Foundation{\textquoteright}s Graduate Research Fellowship Program for funding assistance. J.F. thanks Fundo Regional para a Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia for grant 01-0145-FEDER-000140 and Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia for grants FCT20006−UIDB/05634/2020 and FCT20007−UIDP/05634/2020). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Inter-Research 2022.",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.3354/meps14056",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "691",
pages = "83--96",
journal = "Marine Ecology - Progress Series",
issn = "0171-8630",
publisher = "Inter-Research",
}