@article{68b18d12c0aa4aae9073232aab72ac1a,
title = "Source parameters of echolocation clicks from wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus and Tursiops truncatus)",
abstract = "The Indian Ocean and Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus and Tursiops truncatus) are among the best studied echolocating toothed whales. However, almost all echolocation studies on bottlenose dolphins have been made with captive animals, and the echolocation signals of free-ranging animals have not been quantified. Here, biosonar source parameters from wild T. aduncus and T. truncatus were measured with linear three- and four-hydrophone arrays in four geographic locations. The two species had similar source parameters, with source levels of 177-228 dB re 1 Pa peak to peak, click durations of 8-72 s, centroid frequencies of 33-109 kHz and rms bandwidths between 23 and 54 kHz. T. aduncus clicks had a higher frequency emphasis than T. truncatus. The transmission directionality index was up to 3 dB higher for T. aduncus (29 dB) as compared to T. truncatus (26 dB). The high directionality of T. aduncus does not appear to be only a physical consequence of a higher frequency emphasis in clicks, but may also be caused by differences in the internal properties of the sound production system.",
author = "Magnus Wahlberg and Jensen, {Frants H.} and {Aguilar Soto}, Natacha and Kristian Beedholm and Lars Bejder and Cludia Oliveira and Marianne Rasmussen and Malene Simon and Anne Villadsgaard and Madsen, {Peter T.}",
note = "Funding Information: Fieldwork was funded by the Carlsberg Foundation, the Oticon Foundation, the World Wildlife Foundation, the Siemens Foundation, the Danish National Research Foundation, and the Science and Technology Regional Direction and the Environmental Regional Direction in the Azores, as well as by the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP) for the studies in the Canary Islands. N.A. is currently funded by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the Seventh European Community Framework Programme. We thank M. Hansen, M. Wilson, H. Schack, H. Smith, and J. Knust for assistance in the field in Australia as well as Murdoch University and Bunbury Dolphin Discovery for logistical support. We also thank local fisherman W. Evans for assisting with the recordings in Wales and biology students of University of La Laguna for their help in the Canary Islands. Logistic support in the Azores was made possible through IMAR-DOP/UAc, which is part of the Associated Laboratory ISR funded through the Pluri-annual and Programmatic funding schemes of FCT-MCTES. Research in Australia was conducted under a permit to L.B. from the Department of Environment and Conservation and Ethics Approval from Murdoch University. Research in Cardigan Bay was conducted under a permit from the Ceredigion County Council for Wales. The Azorean work was made under Sampling Permit No. 04/2006/DRA of the Environment Directorate of the Regional Government of the Azores. Research in Canary Islands was conducted under a research permit by the Canary Islands Government to La Laguna University. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive critique that significantly improved this manuscript.",
year = "2011",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1121/1.3624822",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "130",
pages = "2263--2274",
journal = "Journal of the Acoustical Society of America",
issn = "0001-4966",
publisher = "Acoustical Society of America",
number = "4",
}