Resilience Enhancing Mechanisms for Cyber-Manufacturing Systems against Cyber-Attacks

The advent of cyber-attacks against cyber-manufacturing systems (CMS) is recognized as one of the most prominent nontraditional risks that need to be addressed to facilitate widespread adoption of such a system. In current literature, the notion of resilience has been recognized as an effective way to deal with those threats. Resilience is the ability of CMS to perform its intended goals in the presence of a deliberate disruptions-cyber-attacks. A more resilient CMS would show reduced failure probability, less disastrous consequences, and a faster recovery from disruptions caused by cyber-attacks. The goal of the work presented in this paper is to identify resilience-increasing mechanisms and provide a framework for their classification. A resilience-increasing mechanism is defined as an action implemented in CMS, aimed to a) reduce the probability of a successful cyber-attack, b) reduce the time to detection of a cyber-attack, c) reduce the adverse effects of a successful cyber-attack, or d) reduce the time to recover from a cyber-attack. A non-exhaustive list of resilience-increasing mechanisms is provided that had been published on peer reviewed publication and applied to the specific context of cyber-manufacturing.