TY - JOUR
T1 - Relation of Heart Rate Recovery After Exercise to C-Reactive Protein and White Blood Cell Count
AU - Jae, Sae Young
AU - Ahn, Eui Soo
AU - Heffernan, Kevin S.
AU - Woods, Jeffrey A.
AU - Lee, Moon Kyu
AU - Park, Won Hah
AU - Fernhall, Bo
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the IN-SUNG Foundation for Medical Research, Seoul, Korea. Miscellaneous
PY - 2007/3/1
Y1 - 2007/3/1
N2 - This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that slow and abnormal heart rate recovery (HRR), an indicator of decreased autonomic nervous system activity, after exercise is associated with inflammatory markers. Subjects who underwent exercise treadmill testing (n = 5,527, mean age 50.4 ± 8.5 years) were studied in a cross-sectional design. HRR was calculated as the difference between maximum heart rate during the test and heart rate 1 minute after the cessation of exercise. Abnormal HRR was defined as ≤12 beats/min. Subjects with abnormal HRR had higher levels of log C-reactive protein (CRP; 1.38 ± 0.6 vs 1.11 ± 0.4 mg/dl, p <0.001) and higher white blood cell counts (6.9 ± 2.1 vs 6.2 ± 1.7 × 109 cells/L, p <0.001) than those with normal HRR. HRR was associated with CRP (r = -0.21, p <0.001) and white blood cell count (r = -0.19, p <0.001). HRR was independently associated with CRP (β = -0.13, p = 0.001) in a stepwise multiple regression. In a logistic multivariate model, the group within the highest quartile of CRP (odds ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 2.27) was more likely to have abnormal HRR than those within the lowest quartile. In conclusion, slow and abnormal HRR after exercise testing is associated with inflammatory markers, which could contribute to the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in these subjects.
AB - This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that slow and abnormal heart rate recovery (HRR), an indicator of decreased autonomic nervous system activity, after exercise is associated with inflammatory markers. Subjects who underwent exercise treadmill testing (n = 5,527, mean age 50.4 ± 8.5 years) were studied in a cross-sectional design. HRR was calculated as the difference between maximum heart rate during the test and heart rate 1 minute after the cessation of exercise. Abnormal HRR was defined as ≤12 beats/min. Subjects with abnormal HRR had higher levels of log C-reactive protein (CRP; 1.38 ± 0.6 vs 1.11 ± 0.4 mg/dl, p <0.001) and higher white blood cell counts (6.9 ± 2.1 vs 6.2 ± 1.7 × 109 cells/L, p <0.001) than those with normal HRR. HRR was associated with CRP (r = -0.21, p <0.001) and white blood cell count (r = -0.19, p <0.001). HRR was independently associated with CRP (β = -0.13, p = 0.001) in a stepwise multiple regression. In a logistic multivariate model, the group within the highest quartile of CRP (odds ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 2.27) was more likely to have abnormal HRR than those within the lowest quartile. In conclusion, slow and abnormal HRR after exercise testing is associated with inflammatory markers, which could contribute to the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in these subjects.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33847053939&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33847053939&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.09.121
DO - 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.09.121
M3 - Article
C2 - 17317377
AN - SCOPUS:33847053939
SN - 0002-9149
VL - 99
SP - 707
EP - 710
JO - American Journal of Cardiology
JF - American Journal of Cardiology
IS - 5
ER -