Practical p-delta analysis method for type FR and PR frames

A simple and practical method of second-order frame analysis using first-order structural analysis technique is proposed. The proposed method accounts for the P-δ and P-Δ effects by the use of a fictitious or pseudo lateral load. This method has the advantage over other existing methods in that no special consideration is required for the modeling of the structure - and the approach is applicable not only to rectangular rigid (Type FR) frames but also to non-rectangular, semi-rigid (Type PR) frames. The proposed method was applied to the structural analyses of beams and columns.