Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

Aidan F. Brooks; Gabriele Vajente; Hiro Yamamoto; Rich Abbott; Carl Adams; Rana X. Adhikari; Alena Ananyeva; Stephen Appert; Koji Arai; Joseph S. Areeda; Yasmeen Asali; Stuart M. Aston; Corey Austin; Anne M. Baer; Matthew Ball; Stefan W. Ballmer; Sharan Banagiri; David Barker; Lisa Barsotti; Jeffrey Bartlett; Beverly K. Berger; Joseph Betzwieser; Dripta Bhattacharjee; Garilynn Billingsley; Sebastien Biscans; Carl D. Blair; Ryan M. Blair; Nina Bode; Phillip Booker; Rolf Bork; Alyssa Bramley; Daniel D. Brown; Aaron Buikema; Craig Cahillane; Kipp C. Cannon; Huy Tuong Cao; Xu Chen; Alexei A. Ciobanu; Filiberto Clara; Camilla Compton; Sam J. Cooper; Kenneth R. Corley; Stefan T. Countryman; Pep B. Covas; Dennis C. Coyne; Laurence E. Datrier; Derek Davis; Chiara D. Difronzo; Katherine L. Dooley; Jenne C. Driggers; Peter Dupej; Sheila E. Dwyer; Anamaria Effler; Todd Etzel; Matthew Evans; Tom M. Evans; Jon Feicht; Alvaro Fernandez-Galiana; Peter Fritschel; Valery V. Frolov; Paul Fulda; Michael Fyffe; Joe A. Giaime; Dwayne D. Giardina; Patrick Godwin; Evan Goetz; Slawomir Gras; Corey Gray; Rachel Gray; Anna C. Green; Anchal Gupta; Eric K. Gustafson; Dick Gustafson; Evan Hall; Jonathan Hanks; Joe Hanson; Terra Hardwick; Raine K. Hasskew; Matthew C. Heintze; Adrian F. Helmling-Cornell; Nathan A. Holland; Kiamu Izmui; Wenxuan Jia; Jeff D. Jones; Shivaraj Kandhasamy; Sudarshan Karki; Marie Kasprzack; Keita Kawabe; Nutsinee Kijbunchoo; Peter J. King; Jeffrey S. Kissel; Rahul Kumar; Michael Landry; Benjamin B. Lane; Brian Lantz; Michael Laxen; Yannick K. Lecoeuche; Jessica Leviton; Liu Jian; Marc Lormand; Andrew P. Lundgren; Ronaldas Macas; Myron Macinnis; Duncan M. Macleod; Georgia L. Mansell; Szabolcs Marka; Zsuzsanna Marka; Denis V. Martynov; Ken Mason; Thomas J. Massinger; Fabrice Matichard; Nergis Mavalvala; Richard McCarthy; David E. McClelland; Scott McCormick; Lee McCuller; Jessica McIver; Terry McRae; Gregory Mendell; Kara Merfeld; Edmond L. Merilh; Fabian Meylahn; Timesh Mistry; Richard Mittleman; Gerardo Moreno; Conor M. Mow-Lowry; Simone Mozzon; Adam Mullavey; Timothy J. Nelson; Philippe Nguyen; Laura K. Nuttall; Jason Oberling; Richard J. Oram; Charles Osthelder; David J. Ottaway; Harry Overmier; Jordan R. Palamos; William Parker; Ethan Payne; Arnaud Pele; Reilly Penhorwood; Carlos J. Perez; Marc Pirello; Hugh Radkins; Karla E. Ramirez; Jonathan W. Richardson; Keith Riles; Norna A. Robertson; Jameson G. Rollins; Chandra L. Romel; Janeen H. Romie; Michael P. Ross; Kyle Ryan; Travis Sadecki; Eduardo J. Sanchez; Luis E. Sanchez; Saravanan R. Tiruppatturrajamanikkam; Richard L. Savage; Dean Schaetzl; Roman Schnabel; Robert M. Schofield; Eyal Schwartz; Danny Sellers; Thomas Shaffer; Daniel Sigg; Bram J. Slagmolen; Joshua R. Smith; Siddharth Soni; Borja Sorazu; Andrew P. Spencer; Ken A. Strain; Ling Sun; Marek J. Szczepanczyk; Michael Thomas; Patrick Thomas; Keith A. Thorne; Karl Toland; Calum I. Torrie; Gary Traylor; Maggie Tse; Alexander L. Urban; Guillermo Valdes; Daniel C. Vander-Hyde; Peter J. Veitch; Krishna Venkateswara; Gautam Venugopalan; Aaron D. Viets; Thomas Vo; Cheryl Vorvick; Madeline Wade; Robert L. Ward; Jim Warner; Betsy Weaver; Rainer Weiss; Chris Whittle; Benno Willke; Christopher C. Wipf; Liting Xiao; Hang Yu; Haocun Yu; Liyuan Zhang; Michael E. Zucker; John Zweizig

doi:10.1364/AO.419689

Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

Aidan F. Brooks, Gabriele Vajente, Hiro Yamamoto, Rich Abbott, Carl Adams, Rana X. Adhikari, Alena Ananyeva, Stephen Appert, Koji Arai, Joseph S. Areeda, Yasmeen Asali, Stuart M. Aston, Corey Austin, Anne M. Baer, Matthew Ball, Stefan W. Ballmer, Sharan Banagiri, David Barker, Lisa Barsotti, Jeffrey BartlettBeverly K. Berger, Joseph Betzwieser, Dripta Bhattacharjee, Garilynn Billingsley, Sebastien Biscans, Carl D. Blair, Ryan M. Blair, Nina Bode, Phillip Booker, Rolf Bork, Alyssa Bramley, Daniel D. Brown, Aaron Buikema, Craig Cahillane, Kipp C. Cannon, Huy Tuong Cao, Xu Chen, Alexei A. Ciobanu, Filiberto Clara, Camilla Compton, Sam J. Cooper, Kenneth R. Corley, Stefan T. Countryman, Pep B. Covas, Dennis C. Coyne, Laurence E. Datrier, Derek Davis, Chiara D. Difronzo, Katherine L. Dooley, Jenne C. Driggers, Peter Dupej, Sheila E. Dwyer, Anamaria Effler, Todd Etzel, Matthew Evans, Tom M. Evans, Jon Feicht, Alvaro Fernandez-Galiana, Peter Fritschel, Valery V. Frolov, Paul Fulda, Michael Fyffe, Joe A. Giaime, Dwayne D. Giardina, Patrick Godwin, Evan Goetz, Slawomir Gras, Corey Gray, Rachel Gray, Anna C. Green, Anchal Gupta, Eric K. Gustafson, Dick Gustafson, Evan Hall, Jonathan Hanks, Joe Hanson, Terra Hardwick, Raine K. Hasskew, Matthew C. Heintze, Adrian F. Helmling-Cornell, Nathan A. Holland, Kiamu Izmui, Wenxuan Jia, Jeff D. Jones, Shivaraj Kandhasamy, Sudarshan Karki, Marie Kasprzack, Keita Kawabe, Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Peter J. King, Jeffrey S. Kissel, Rahul Kumar, Michael Landry, Benjamin B. Lane, Brian Lantz, Michael Laxen, Yannick K. Lecoeuche, Jessica Leviton, Liu Jian, Marc Lormand, Andrew P. Lundgren, Ronaldas Macas, Myron Macinnis, Duncan M. Macleod, Georgia L. Mansell, Szabolcs Marka, Zsuzsanna Marka, Denis V. Martynov, Ken Mason, Thomas J. Massinger, Fabrice Matichard, Nergis Mavalvala, Richard McCarthy, David E. McClelland, Scott McCormick, Lee McCuller, Jessica McIver, Terry McRae, Gregory Mendell, Kara Merfeld, Edmond L. Merilh, Fabian Meylahn, Timesh Mistry, Richard Mittleman, Gerardo Moreno, Conor M. Mow-Lowry, Simone Mozzon, Adam Mullavey, Timothy J. Nelson, Philippe Nguyen, Laura K. Nuttall, Jason Oberling, Richard J. Oram, Charles Osthelder, David J. Ottaway, Harry Overmier, Jordan R. Palamos, William Parker, Ethan Payne, Arnaud Pele, Reilly Penhorwood, Carlos J. Perez, Marc Pirello, Hugh Radkins, Karla E. Ramirez, Jonathan W. Richardson, Keith Riles, Norna A. Robertson, Jameson G. Rollins, Chandra L. Romel, Janeen H. Romie, Michael P. Ross, Kyle Ryan, Travis Sadecki, Eduardo J. Sanchez, Luis E. Sanchez, Saravanan R. Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, Richard L. Savage, Dean Schaetzl, Roman Schnabel, Robert M. Schofield, Eyal Schwartz, Danny Sellers, Thomas Shaffer, Daniel Sigg, Bram J. Slagmolen, Joshua R. Smith, Siddharth Soni, Borja Sorazu, Andrew P. Spencer, Ken A. Strain, Ling Sun, Marek J. Szczepanczyk, Michael Thomas, Patrick Thomas, Keith A. Thorne, Karl Toland, Calum I. Torrie, Gary Traylor, Maggie Tse, Alexander L. Urban, Guillermo Valdes, Daniel C. Vander-Hyde, Peter J. Veitch, Krishna Venkateswara, Gautam Venugopalan, Aaron D. Viets, Thomas Vo, Cheryl Vorvick, Madeline Wade, Robert L. Ward, Jim Warner, Betsy Weaver, Rainer Weiss, Chris Whittle, Benno Willke, Christopher C. Wipf, Liting Xiao, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, Liyuan Zhang, Michael E. Zucker, John Zweizig

Department of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

33 Scopus citations

Abstract

Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	4047-4063
Number of pages	17
Journal	Applied Optics
Volume	60
Issue number	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.419689
State	Published - May 1 2021

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Engineering (miscellaneous)
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Access to Document

10.1364/AO.419689

Cite this

Brooks, A. F., Vajente, G., Yamamoto, H., Abbott, R., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Ananyeva, A., Appert, S., Arai, K., Areeda, J. S., Asali, Y., Aston, S. M., Austin, C., Baer, A. M., Ball, M., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barker, D., Barsotti, L., ... Zweizig, J. (2021). Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO. Applied Optics, 60(13), 4047-4063. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.419689

Brooks, AF, Vajente, G, Yamamoto, H, Abbott, R, Adams, C, Adhikari, RX, Ananyeva, A, Appert, S, Arai, K, Areeda, JS, Asali, Y, Aston, SM, Austin, C, Baer, AM, Ball, M, Ballmer, SW, Banagiri, S, Barker, D, Barsotti, L, Bartlett, J, Berger, BK, Betzwieser, J, Bhattacharjee, D, Billingsley, G, Biscans, S, Blair, CD, Blair, RM, Bode, N, Booker, P, Bork, R, Bramley, A, Brown, DD, Buikema, A, Cahillane, C, Cannon, KC, Cao, HT, Chen, X, Ciobanu, AA, Clara, F, Compton, C, Cooper, SJ, Corley, KR, Countryman, ST, Covas, PB, Coyne, DC, Datrier, LE, Davis, D, Difronzo, CD, Dooley, KL, Driggers, JC, Dupej, P, Dwyer, SE, Effler, A, Etzel, T, Evans, M, Evans, TM, Feicht, J, Fernandez-Galiana, A, Fritschel, P, Frolov, VV, Fulda, P, Fyffe, M, Giaime, JA, Giardina, DD, Godwin, P, Goetz, E, Gras, S, Gray, C, Gray, R, Green, AC, Gupta, A, Gustafson, EK, Gustafson, D, Hall, E, Hanks, J, Hanson, J, Hardwick, T, Hasskew, RK, Heintze, MC, Helmling-Cornell, AF, Holland, NA, Izmui, K, Jia, W, Jones, JD, Kandhasamy, S, Karki, S, Kasprzack, M, Kawabe, K, Kijbunchoo, N, King, PJ, Kissel, JS, Kumar, R, Landry, M, Lane, BB, Lantz, B, Laxen, M, Lecoeuche, YK, Leviton, J, Jian, L, Lormand, M, Lundgren, AP, Macas, R, Macinnis, M, Macleod, DM, Mansell, GL, Marka, S, Marka, Z, Martynov, DV, Mason, K, Massinger, TJ, Matichard, F, Mavalvala, N, McCarthy, R, McClelland, DE, McCormick, S, McCuller, L, McIver, J, McRae, T, Mendell, G, Merfeld, K, Merilh, EL, Meylahn, F, Mistry, T, Mittleman, R, Moreno, G, Mow-Lowry, CM, Mozzon, S, Mullavey, A, Nelson, TJ, Nguyen, P, Nuttall, LK, Oberling, J, Oram, RJ, Osthelder, C, Ottaway, DJ, Overmier, H, Palamos, JR, Parker, W, Payne, E, Pele, A, Penhorwood, R, Perez, CJ, Pirello, M, Radkins, H, Ramirez, KE, Richardson, JW, Riles, K, Robertson, NA, Rollins, JG, Romel, CL, Romie, JH, Ross, MP, Ryan, K, Sadecki, T, Sanchez, EJ, Sanchez, LE, Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, SR, Savage, RL, Schaetzl, D, Schnabel, R, Schofield, RM, Schwartz, E, Sellers, D, Shaffer, T, Sigg, D, Slagmolen, BJ, Smith, JR, Soni, S, Sorazu, B, Spencer, AP, Strain, KA, Sun, L, Szczepanczyk, MJ, Thomas, M, Thomas, P, Thorne, KA, Toland, K, Torrie, CI, Traylor, G, Tse, M, Urban, AL, Valdes, G, Vander-Hyde, DC, Veitch, PJ, Venkateswara, K, Venugopalan, G, Viets, AD, Vo, T, Vorvick, C, Wade, M, Ward, RL, Warner, J, Weaver, B, Weiss, R, Whittle, C, Willke, B, Wipf, CC, Xiao, L, Yu, H, Yu, H, Zhang, L, Zucker, ME & Zweizig, J 2021, 'Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO', Applied Optics, vol. 60, no. 13, pp. 4047-4063. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.419689

@article{60dd88fa844240f8a34c25515998cde4,

title = "Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO",

abstract = "Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.",

author = "Brooks, {Aidan F.} and Gabriele Vajente and Hiro Yamamoto and Rich Abbott and Carl Adams and Adhikari, {Rana X.} and Alena Ananyeva and Stephen Appert and Koji Arai and Areeda, {Joseph S.} and Yasmeen Asali and Aston, {Stuart M.} and Corey Austin and Baer, {Anne M.} and Matthew Ball and Ballmer, {Stefan W.} and Sharan Banagiri and David Barker and Lisa Barsotti and Jeffrey Bartlett and Berger, {Beverly K.} and Joseph Betzwieser and Dripta Bhattacharjee and Garilynn Billingsley and Sebastien Biscans and Blair, {Carl D.} and Blair, {Ryan M.} and Nina Bode and Phillip Booker and Rolf Bork and Alyssa Bramley and Brown, {Daniel D.} and Aaron Buikema and Craig Cahillane and Cannon, {Kipp C.} and Cao, {Huy Tuong} and Xu Chen and Ciobanu, {Alexei A.} and Filiberto Clara and Camilla Compton and Cooper, {Sam J.} and Corley, {Kenneth R.} and Countryman, {Stefan T.} and Covas, {Pep B.} and Coyne, {Dennis C.} and Datrier, {Laurence E.} and Derek Davis and Difronzo, {Chiara D.} and Dooley, {Katherine L.} and Driggers, {Jenne C.} and Peter Dupej and Dwyer, {Sheila E.} and Anamaria Effler and Todd Etzel and Matthew Evans and Evans, {Tom M.} and Jon Feicht and Alvaro Fernandez-Galiana and Peter Fritschel and Frolov, {Valery V.} and Paul Fulda and Michael Fyffe and Giaime, {Joe A.} and Giardina, {Dwayne D.} and Patrick Godwin and Evan Goetz and Slawomir Gras and Corey Gray and Rachel Gray and Green, {Anna C.} and Anchal Gupta and Gustafson, {Eric K.} and Dick Gustafson and Evan Hall and Jonathan Hanks and Joe Hanson and Terra Hardwick and Hasskew, {Raine K.} and Heintze, {Matthew C.} and Helmling-Cornell, {Adrian F.} and Holland, {Nathan A.} and Kiamu Izmui and Wenxuan Jia and Jones, {Jeff D.} and Shivaraj Kandhasamy and Sudarshan Karki and Marie Kasprzack and Keita Kawabe and Nutsinee Kijbunchoo and King, {Peter J.} and Kissel, {Jeffrey S.} and Rahul Kumar and Michael Landry and Lane, {Benjamin B.} and Brian Lantz and Michael Laxen and Lecoeuche, {Yannick K.} and Jessica Leviton and Liu Jian and Marc Lormand and Lundgren, {Andrew P.} and Ronaldas Macas and Myron Macinnis and Macleod, {Duncan M.} and Mansell, {Georgia L.} and Szabolcs Marka and Zsuzsanna Marka and Martynov, {Denis V.} and Ken Mason and Massinger, {Thomas J.} and Fabrice Matichard and Nergis Mavalvala and Richard McCarthy and McClelland, {David E.} and Scott McCormick and Lee McCuller and Jessica McIver and Terry McRae and Gregory Mendell and Kara Merfeld and Merilh, {Edmond L.} and Fabian Meylahn and Timesh Mistry and Richard Mittleman and Gerardo Moreno and Mow-Lowry, {Conor M.} and Simone Mozzon and Adam Mullavey and Nelson, {Timothy J.} and Philippe Nguyen and Nuttall, {Laura K.} and Jason Oberling and Oram, {Richard J.} and Charles Osthelder and Ottaway, {David J.} and Harry Overmier and Palamos, {Jordan R.} and William Parker and Ethan Payne and Arnaud Pele and Reilly Penhorwood and Perez, {Carlos J.} and Marc Pirello and Hugh Radkins and Ramirez, {Karla E.} and Richardson, {Jonathan W.} and Keith Riles and Robertson, {Norna A.} and Rollins, {Jameson G.} and Romel, {Chandra L.} and Romie, {Janeen H.} and Ross, {Michael P.} and Kyle Ryan and Travis Sadecki and Sanchez, {Eduardo J.} and Sanchez, {Luis E.} and Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, {Saravanan R.} and Savage, {Richard L.} and Dean Schaetzl and Roman Schnabel and Schofield, {Robert M.} and Eyal Schwartz and Danny Sellers and Thomas Shaffer and Daniel Sigg and Slagmolen, {Bram J.} and Smith, {Joshua R.} and Siddharth Soni and Borja Sorazu and Spencer, {Andrew P.} and Strain, {Ken A.} and Ling Sun and Szczepanczyk, {Marek J.} and Michael Thomas and Patrick Thomas and Thorne, {Keith A.} and Karl Toland and Torrie, {Calum I.} and Gary Traylor and Maggie Tse and Urban, {Alexander L.} and Guillermo Valdes and Vander-Hyde, {Daniel C.} and Veitch, {Peter J.} and Krishna Venkateswara and Gautam Venugopalan and Viets, {Aaron D.} and Thomas Vo and Cheryl Vorvick and Madeline Wade and Ward, {Robert L.} and Jim Warner and Betsy Weaver and Rainer Weiss and Chris Whittle and Benno Willke and Wipf, {Christopher C.} and Liting Xiao and Hang Yu and Haocun Yu and Liyuan Zhang and Zucker, {Michael E.} and John Zweizig",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Optical Society of America.",

year = "2021",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1364/AO.419689",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "60",

pages = "4047--4063",

journal = "Applied Optics",

issn = "1559-128X",

publisher = "The Optical Society",

number = "13",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

AU - Brooks, Aidan F.

AU - Vajente, Gabriele

AU - Yamamoto, Hiro

AU - Abbott, Rich

AU - Adams, Carl

AU - Adhikari, Rana X.

AU - Ananyeva, Alena

AU - Appert, Stephen

AU - Arai, Koji

AU - Areeda, Joseph S.

AU - Asali, Yasmeen

AU - Aston, Stuart M.

AU - Austin, Corey

AU - Baer, Anne M.

AU - Ball, Matthew

AU - Ballmer, Stefan W.

AU - Banagiri, Sharan

AU - Barker, David

AU - Barsotti, Lisa

AU - Bartlett, Jeffrey

AU - Berger, Beverly K.

AU - Betzwieser, Joseph

AU - Bhattacharjee, Dripta

AU - Billingsley, Garilynn

AU - Biscans, Sebastien

AU - Blair, Carl D.

AU - Blair, Ryan M.

AU - Bode, Nina

AU - Booker, Phillip

AU - Bork, Rolf

AU - Bramley, Alyssa

AU - Brown, Daniel D.

AU - Buikema, Aaron

AU - Cahillane, Craig

AU - Cannon, Kipp C.

AU - Cao, Huy Tuong

AU - Chen, Xu

AU - Ciobanu, Alexei A.

AU - Clara, Filiberto

AU - Compton, Camilla

AU - Cooper, Sam J.

AU - Corley, Kenneth R.

AU - Countryman, Stefan T.

AU - Covas, Pep B.

AU - Coyne, Dennis C.

AU - Datrier, Laurence E.

AU - Davis, Derek

AU - Difronzo, Chiara D.

AU - Dooley, Katherine L.

AU - Driggers, Jenne C.

AU - Dupej, Peter

AU - Dwyer, Sheila E.

AU - Effler, Anamaria

AU - Etzel, Todd

AU - Evans, Matthew

AU - Evans, Tom M.

AU - Feicht, Jon

AU - Fernandez-Galiana, Alvaro

AU - Fritschel, Peter

AU - Frolov, Valery V.

AU - Fulda, Paul

AU - Fyffe, Michael

AU - Giaime, Joe A.

AU - Giardina, Dwayne D.

AU - Godwin, Patrick

AU - Goetz, Evan

AU - Gras, Slawomir

AU - Gray, Corey

AU - Gray, Rachel

AU - Green, Anna C.

AU - Gupta, Anchal

AU - Gustafson, Eric K.

AU - Gustafson, Dick

AU - Hall, Evan

AU - Hanks, Jonathan

AU - Hanson, Joe

AU - Hardwick, Terra

AU - Hasskew, Raine K.

AU - Heintze, Matthew C.

AU - Helmling-Cornell, Adrian F.

AU - Holland, Nathan A.

AU - Izmui, Kiamu

AU - Jia, Wenxuan

AU - Jones, Jeff D.

AU - Kandhasamy, Shivaraj

AU - Karki, Sudarshan

AU - Kasprzack, Marie

AU - Kawabe, Keita

AU - Kijbunchoo, Nutsinee

AU - King, Peter J.

AU - Kissel, Jeffrey S.

AU - Kumar, Rahul

AU - Landry, Michael

AU - Lane, Benjamin B.

AU - Lantz, Brian

AU - Laxen, Michael

AU - Lecoeuche, Yannick K.

AU - Leviton, Jessica

AU - Jian, Liu

AU - Lormand, Marc

AU - Lundgren, Andrew P.

AU - Macas, Ronaldas

AU - Macinnis, Myron

AU - Macleod, Duncan M.

AU - Mansell, Georgia L.

AU - Marka, Szabolcs

AU - Marka, Zsuzsanna

AU - Martynov, Denis V.

AU - Mason, Ken

AU - Massinger, Thomas J.

AU - Matichard, Fabrice

AU - Mavalvala, Nergis

AU - McCarthy, Richard

AU - McClelland, David E.

AU - McCormick, Scott

AU - McCuller, Lee

AU - McIver, Jessica

AU - McRae, Terry

AU - Mendell, Gregory

AU - Merfeld, Kara

AU - Merilh, Edmond L.

AU - Meylahn, Fabian

AU - Mistry, Timesh

AU - Mittleman, Richard

AU - Moreno, Gerardo

AU - Mow-Lowry, Conor M.

AU - Mozzon, Simone

AU - Mullavey, Adam

AU - Nelson, Timothy J.

AU - Nguyen, Philippe

AU - Nuttall, Laura K.

AU - Oberling, Jason

AU - Oram, Richard J.

AU - Osthelder, Charles

AU - Ottaway, David J.

AU - Overmier, Harry

AU - Palamos, Jordan R.

AU - Parker, William

AU - Payne, Ethan

AU - Pele, Arnaud

AU - Penhorwood, Reilly

AU - Perez, Carlos J.

AU - Pirello, Marc

AU - Radkins, Hugh

AU - Ramirez, Karla E.

AU - Richardson, Jonathan W.

AU - Riles, Keith

AU - Robertson, Norna A.

AU - Rollins, Jameson G.

AU - Romel, Chandra L.

AU - Romie, Janeen H.

AU - Ross, Michael P.

AU - Ryan, Kyle

AU - Sadecki, Travis

AU - Sanchez, Eduardo J.

AU - Sanchez, Luis E.

AU - Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, Saravanan R.

AU - Savage, Richard L.

AU - Schaetzl, Dean

AU - Schnabel, Roman

AU - Schofield, Robert M.

AU - Schwartz, Eyal

AU - Sellers, Danny

AU - Shaffer, Thomas

AU - Sigg, Daniel

AU - Slagmolen, Bram J.

AU - Smith, Joshua R.

AU - Soni, Siddharth

AU - Sorazu, Borja

AU - Spencer, Andrew P.

AU - Strain, Ken A.

AU - Sun, Ling

AU - Szczepanczyk, Marek J.

AU - Thomas, Michael

AU - Thomas, Patrick

AU - Thorne, Keith A.

AU - Toland, Karl

AU - Torrie, Calum I.

AU - Traylor, Gary

AU - Tse, Maggie

AU - Urban, Alexander L.

AU - Valdes, Guillermo

AU - Vander-Hyde, Daniel C.

AU - Veitch, Peter J.

AU - Venkateswara, Krishna

AU - Venugopalan, Gautam

AU - Viets, Aaron D.

AU - Vo, Thomas

AU - Vorvick, Cheryl

AU - Wade, Madeline

AU - Ward, Robert L.

AU - Warner, Jim

AU - Weaver, Betsy

AU - Weiss, Rainer

AU - Whittle, Chris

AU - Willke, Benno

AU - Wipf, Christopher C.

AU - Xiao, Liting

AU - Yu, Hang

AU - Yu, Haocun

AU - Zhang, Liyuan

AU - Zucker, Michael E.

AU - Zweizig, John

PY - 2021/5/1

Y1 - 2021/5/1

N2 - Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.

AB - Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105289458&partnerID=8YFLogxK

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U2 - 10.1364/AO.419689

DO - 10.1364/AO.419689

M3 - Article

C2 - 33983346

AN - SCOPUS:85105289458

SN - 1559-128X

VL - 60

SP - 4047

EP - 4063

JO - Applied Optics

JF - Applied Optics

IS - 13

ER -

Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

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