Phase-only adaptive processing based on a direct data domain least squares approach using the conjugate gradient method

Generally, adaptive antenna arrays operate by changing the complex adaptive weights consisting of both magnitudes and phases applied at each of the antenna elements. However, it is easier to require the adaptive weights have only phase variation with a fixed magnitude at each of the antenna elements. Hence, this paper addresses the phase only adaptive systems whose weights have a fixed magnitude through a new phase only adaptive method based on a direct data domain least squares approach (D³LS), which utilize only a single snapshot of the data for adaptive processing.