@article{050633e8ae0341c5ac28080acba12982,
title = "Nanoscale control of grain boundary potential barrier, dopant density and filled trap state density for higher efficiency perovskite solar cells",
abstract = "In this work, grain boundary (GB) potential barrier (ΔφGB), dopant density (Pnet), and filled trap state density (PGB,trap) were manipulated at the nanoscale by exposing the fabricated perovskite films to various relative humidity (RH) environments. Spatial mapping of surface potential in the perovskite film revealed higher positive potential at GBs than inside the grains. The average ΔφGB, Pnet, and PGB,trap in the perovskite films decreased from 0% RH to 25% RH exposure, but increased when the RH increased to 35% RH and 45% RH. This clearly indicated that perovskite solar cells fabricated at 25% RH led to the lowest average GB potential, smallest dopant density, and least filled trap states density. This is consistent with the highest photovoltaic efficiency of 18.16% at 25% RH among the different relative humidities from 0% to 45% RH. (Figure presented.).",
author = "Behzad Bahrami and Sally Mabrouk and Nirmal Adhikari and Hytham Elbohy and Ashim Gurung and Reza, {Khan M.} and Rajesh Pathak and Chowdhury, {Ashraful H.} and Gopalan Saianand and Wenjin Yue and Jiantao Zai and Xuefeng Qian and Mao Liang and Qiquan Qiao",
note = "Funding Information: This work has been supported in part by NSF MRI (1428992), NASA EPSCoR (NNX15AM83A), U.S.‐Egypt Science and Technology (S&T) Joint Fund, SDBoR R&D Program, and EDA University Center Program (ED18DEN3030025). This work is derived from the Subject Data supported in whole or part by NAS and USAID, and any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the paper are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or NAS. We would like to thank Dr Brian Moore for assisting us with high performance computing facility at South Dakota State University. W.Y. acknowledges the support from International Cooperation Project of Anhui Province (1503062018), Visiting Research Scholar Project for Young/Middle Excellent Talents of Anhui Province (gxfxZD2016110) and Preeminent Youth Foundation of Anhui Polytechnic University (2016JQ002). Funding Information: information International Cooperation Project of Anhui Province, Grant/Award Number: 1503062018; NASA EPSCoR, Grant/Award Number: NNX15AM83A; NSF MRI, Grant/Award Number: 1428992; Preeminent Youth Foundation of Anhui Polytechnic University, Grant/Award Number: 2016JQ002; SDBoR R&D Program and EDA University Center Program, Grant/Award Number: ED18DEN3030025; U.S. - Egypt Science and Technology (S&T) Joint Fund; Visiting Research Scholar Project for Young/Middle Excellent Talents of Anhui Province, Grant/Award Number: gxfxZD2016110This work has been supported in part by NSF MRI (1428992), NASA EPSCoR (NNX15AM83A), U.S.-Egypt Science and Technology (S&T) Joint Fund, SDBoR R&D Program, and EDA University Center Program (ED18DEN3030025). This work is derived from the Subject Data supported in whole or part by NAS and USAID, and any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the paper are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or NAS. We would like to thank Dr Brian Moore for assisting us with high performance computing facility at South Dakota State University. W.Y. acknowledges the support from International Cooperation Project of Anhui Province (1503062018), Visiting Research Scholar Project for Young/Middle Excellent Talents of Anhui Province (gxfxZD2016110) and Preeminent Youth Foundation of Anhui Polytechnic University (2016JQ002). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors. InfoMat published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of UESTC.",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1002/inf2.12055",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "2",
pages = "409--423",
journal = "InfoMat",
issn = "2567-3165",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Ltd",
number = "2",
}