Abstract
Aggregated control of electrical loads in a large cluster of buildings has been a challenge due to the complexity of the system involving generators, grid constraints, load serving entities complex load models, and people behavior. This paper introduces a novel load aggregation method in an electricity distribution system with Model Predictive Controlled (MPC) loads. This method closes the control loop from power generation to people behavior, resulting in a more stable and efficient integrated buildings-to-grid system. A behavior-driven price-based MPC is introduced for a residential building energy management system, which controls the air conditioner (AC), electric vehicle (EV), water heater, and battery energy storage system. A nodal pricing method is introduced representing power generation and distribution costs, which is mathematically proven to stabilize the system with MPC controlled loads. The method is tested in a 342-node residential building distribution network with 15,000 buildings which is inverse sampled from hundreds of actual smart meter data. The results show a 21% reduction in generation cost, 17% reduction in peak load, and reduced nodal voltage drop from the coordinated control system.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 627-642 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | Applied Energy |
Volume | 230 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Nov 15 2018 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Buildings-to-grid integration
- Distribution network
- Dynamic price
- Model predictive control
- Residential buildings
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Building and Construction
- Energy(all)
- Mechanical Engineering
- Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law