Microwave scattering and emission from a half‐space anisotropic random medium

This paper is a sequel to our earlier paper (Lee and Mudaliar, 1988) where the backscattering coefficients of a half‐space anisotropic random medium were obtained. Here we calculate bistatic scattering coefficients by solving the modified radiative transfer equations under a first‐order approximation. The effects of multiple scattering on the results are observed. We also calculate emissivities and compare them with those obtained using the Born approximation (single scattering). Several interesting properties of our model are brought to notice using numerical examples. Finally, as an application, we use our theory to interpret the passive remote sensing data of multiyear sea ice in the microwave frequency range. We observe a quite close agreement between our theoretical prediction and the measured data.