Mechanical characterization of benign and malignant urothelial cells from voided urine

This study investigates whether mechanical differences exist between benign and malignant urothelial cells in voided urine. The Youngs modulus of individual cells was measured using the micropipette aspiration technique. Malignant urothelial cells showed significantly lower Youngs modulus values compared to benign urothelial cells. The results indicate that Youngs modulus as a biomechanical marker could possibly provide additional information to conventional urinary cytology. We hope that these preliminary results could evoke attention to mechanical characterization of urine cells and spark interest in the development of biomechanical approaches to enhance non-invasive urothelial carcinoma detection.