Abstract
A mass balance for lead for the year 1989 in the South Coast Air Basin has inputs to the atmosphere of 600 ± 190 kg/day and outputs of 580 ± 160 kg/day, showing rough agreement. Stationary sources are responsible for only about 5% of the total lead emissions. The bulk of the lead is emitted from vehicles using leaded gasoline (37%) and unleaded gasoline (15%), as well as from resuspension of previously deposited lead on roads (43%). Over half of the total emitted lead deposits on roads and nearby soil, while about one- third is carried out of the basin by wind. A small amount, less than 10%, is deposited on surfaces throughout the basin. These percentages are approximately the same as those in a mass balance for the same region calculated for 1972, when lead emissions from leaded gasoline were about a factor of 70 greater than leaded gas emissions in 1989. When the lead emissions are used as inputs to a simple continuously stirred flow reactor model for the basin, reasonable agreement is obtained between calculated and measured concentrations.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 86-93 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Environmental Research |
Volume | 78 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 1998 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Deposition
- Emissions
- Lead
- Mass balance
- Southern California
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- General Environmental Science