TY - JOUR
T1 - Low ponderal index is associated with decreased muscle strength and fatigue resistance in college-aged women
AU - Brutsaert, Tom D.
AU - Tamvada, Kelli H.
AU - Kiyamu, Melisa
AU - White, Daniel D.
AU - Gage, Timothy B.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the research subjects for their time and effort, Diane Sisto from the Albany Medical Center, and Walter Ensel from the Center for Social and Demographic analysis, University at Albany, SUNY. This research was supported by NIH 1 R03 HD055314 to T.D.B and T.B.G. The study sponsors had no role in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
PY - 2011/10
Y1 - 2011/10
N2 - Poor fetal growth is associated with decrements in muscle strength likely due to changes during myogenesis. We investigated the association of poor fetal growth with muscle strength, fatigue resistance, and the response to training in the isolated quadriceps femoris. Females (20.6years) born to term but below the 10th percentile of ponderal index (PI)-for-gestational-age (LOWPI, n=14) were compared to controls (HIGHPI, n=14), before and after an 8-week training. Muscle strength was assessed as grip-strength and as the maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) of the quadriceps femoris. Muscle fatigue was assessed during knee extension exercise. Body composition and the maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max) were also measured. Controlling for fat free mass (FFM), LOWPI versus HIGHPI women had ~11% lower grip-strength (P=0.023), 9-24% lower MVC values (P=0.042 pre-trained; P=0.020 post-trained), a higher rate of fatigue (pre- and post-training), and a diminished training response (P=0.016). Statistical control for FFM increased rather than decreased strength differences between PI groups. The PI was not associated with VO 2max or measures of body composition. Strength and fatigue decrements strongly suggest that poor fetal growth affects the pathway of muscle force generation. This could be due to neuromotor and/or muscle morphologic changes during development e.g., fiber number, fiber type, etc. Muscle from LOWPI women may also be less responsive to training. Indirectly, results also implicate muscle as a potential mediator between poor fetal growth and adult chronic disease, given muscle's direct role in determining insulin resistance, type II diabetes, physical activity, and so forth.
AB - Poor fetal growth is associated with decrements in muscle strength likely due to changes during myogenesis. We investigated the association of poor fetal growth with muscle strength, fatigue resistance, and the response to training in the isolated quadriceps femoris. Females (20.6years) born to term but below the 10th percentile of ponderal index (PI)-for-gestational-age (LOWPI, n=14) were compared to controls (HIGHPI, n=14), before and after an 8-week training. Muscle strength was assessed as grip-strength and as the maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) of the quadriceps femoris. Muscle fatigue was assessed during knee extension exercise. Body composition and the maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max) were also measured. Controlling for fat free mass (FFM), LOWPI versus HIGHPI women had ~11% lower grip-strength (P=0.023), 9-24% lower MVC values (P=0.042 pre-trained; P=0.020 post-trained), a higher rate of fatigue (pre- and post-training), and a diminished training response (P=0.016). Statistical control for FFM increased rather than decreased strength differences between PI groups. The PI was not associated with VO 2max or measures of body composition. Strength and fatigue decrements strongly suggest that poor fetal growth affects the pathway of muscle force generation. This could be due to neuromotor and/or muscle morphologic changes during development e.g., fiber number, fiber type, etc. Muscle from LOWPI women may also be less responsive to training. Indirectly, results also implicate muscle as a potential mediator between poor fetal growth and adult chronic disease, given muscle's direct role in determining insulin resistance, type II diabetes, physical activity, and so forth.
KW - Birth-weight
KW - Developmental origins of health and disease
KW - Fatigability
KW - Fetal programming
KW - Grip-strength
KW - Intrauterine growth retardation
KW - Myogenesis
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U2 - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.05.006
DO - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.05.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 21641734
AN - SCOPUS:80053050277
SN - 0378-3782
VL - 87
SP - 663
EP - 669
JO - Early Human Development
JF - Early Human Development
IS - 10
ER -