LIPS: Lifestyle learning via mobile phone sensing

In this paper, we propose to learn LIfestyles of mobile users via mobile Phone Sensing (LIPS), and we develop a system and algorithms to realize this idea. First, we present the workflow and architecture of our system, LIPS. Combining both unsupervised and supervised learning, we propose a hybrid scheme for lifestyle learning, which consists of two parts: characterization and prediction. Specifically, we present a two-stage algorithm to characterize the lifestyle of a mobile user using Places of Interest (PoIs), which leverages two different algorithms for coarse- grained and fine-grained clustering in two stages respectively. Based on discovered PoIs, we present a method to build a model to predict his/her future activities using a supervised classification algorithm. In addition, we present an adaptive sampling algorithm for improving energy efficiency, which leverages both the discovered PoIs and the lifestyle model for adaptively controlling the sampling rate. We implemented the proposed system and algorithms based on the Android platform. We have validated and evaluated LIPS via extensive field tests carried out for over 1.5 months in 6 cities of USA. The experimental results show that LIPS can 1) well discover PoIs of mobile users, 2) precisely predict their future activities, and 3) achieve significant energy savings (compared to periodic sampling).