Incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles into SnO₂ nanofibers for higher efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells

Incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles into SnO₂ nanofibers as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells improved the cell efficiency from 4.63% to 6.17%. The addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles increased the surface area of the photoanode that led to the enhancement in the dye attachment. In addition, the incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles helped in the reduction of the recombination of electrons in the photoanode with the electrolyte resulting in the increase in the open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor.