@article{a4128599f3c5423fb69dc0d9a91e22d3,
title = "Hydrogen-bonding effects and 13 of the DNA double helix",
abstract = "13C-nmr chemical shifts of the nucleotides in DNA are sensitive to hydrogen bonding, especially for three of the carbons immediately bonded to exocyclic oxygen or nitrogen atoms acting as H-bond acceptors or donors. GuoC2, GuoC6 and ThdC4 are strongly deshielded (about 1 ppm) upon Watson-Crick pairing in oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes, regardless of the base sequence. Deshielding at these sites may be useful to distinguish bases involved in Watson-Crick pairs from unpaired bases.",
author = "Borer, {Philip N.} and Laplante, {Steven R.} and Nibo Zanatta and Levy, {George C.}",
note = "Funding Information: and AC6 are deshielded (chemical shifts become larger) in response to formation of Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds. The most useful markers for G-C pairing are the GC2 and GC6 signals, while TC4 is the most reliable indicator of A-T pairing. It may be possible to use characteristic changes in C chemical shift to distinguish some of the sites involved in hydrogen bonding interactions in nucleic acid self-complexes, and in complexes with proteins, drugs, and various other ligands. Given sufficient local mobility, it should be possible to extend the method to complexes in the molecular weight range of 100,000 Daltons. For such large complexes, use of C-enriched nucleotides would increase the sensitivity of chemical shift measurement by a factor of 100, greatly simplify the spectra, and clarify the assignments. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants GM32691 (to P.N.B.) and GM35069 & RR01317 (to G.C.L. and P.N.B.); N.Z. held a fellowship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Techologico (CNPq) of Brazil. Some of the nmr measurements were performed on an instrument purchased through grants from the Division of Research Resources of the NIH and from the Biophysics Program of the National Science Foundation. We thank Prof. Andy Wang (M.I.T.) for supplying one of the DNA duplexes. *To whom reprint requests should be sent",
year = "1988",
month = mar,
day = "11",
doi = "10.1093/nar/16.5.2323",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "16",
pages = "2323--2332",
journal = "Nucleic acids research",
issn = "0305-1048",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "5",
}