@article{60755e498a534dc3b44a186c9afad865,
title = "Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU",
abstract = "The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on 103 pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype.",
keywords = "Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc), Noble liquid detectors (scintillation, ionization, double-phase, Simulation methods and programs, Time projection Chambers (TPC)",
author = "{The DUNE collaboration} and {Abed Abud}, A. and B. Abi and R. Acciarri and Acero, {M. A.} and Adames, {M. R.} and G. Adamov and M. Adamowski and D. Adams and M. Adinolfi and C. Adriano and A. Aduszkiewicz and J. Aguilar and Z. Ahmad and J. Ahmed and B. Aimard and F. Akbar and K. Allison and {Alonso Monsalve}, S. and M. Alrashed and C. Alt and A. Alton and R. Alvarez and P. Amedo and J. Anderson and Andrade, {D. A.} and C. Andreopoulos and M. Andreotti and Andrews, {M. P.} and F. Andrianala and S. Andringa and N. Anfimov and {Anic{\'e}zio Campanelli}, {W. L.} and A. Ankowski and M. Antoniassi and M. Antonova and A. Antoshkin and S. Antusch and A. Aranda-Fernandez and L. Arellano and Arnold, {L. O.} and Arroyave, {M. A.} and J. Asaadi and A. Ashkenazi and L. Asquith and A. Aurisano and V. Aushev and D. Autiero and M. Ayala-Torres and M. Soderberg and D. Whittington",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; M{\v S}MT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundaci{\'o}n “La Caixa”, Junta de Andaluc{\'i}a-FEDER, MICINN, and Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; T{\"U}BİTAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 CERN.",
year = "2023",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1088/1748-0221/18/04/P04034",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "18",
journal = "Journal of Instrumentation",
issn = "1748-0221",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "4",
}