TY - GEN
T1 - Energy and cost minimization of bidirectional frequency regulation service by EV following FERC order 755
AU - Mojdehi, Mohammad Nikkhah
AU - Ghosh, Prasanta
AU - Fardad, Makan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 IEEE.
PY - 2015/9/30
Y1 - 2015/9/30
N2 - Increasing share of renewable energy sources in the electric sector, forces the system operators to include new resources for frequency regulations with fast ramping. Electric vehicles (EVs) with fast charging and short battery reaction time are becoming promising source for frequency regulations. Therefore, it is worthwhile to evaluate EV's abilities and associated cost to participate in the frequency regulation activity. In this paper, we first present a linear model of EV operating in charging/discharging mode and impact of battery degradation during these activities. We then define a cost function for EV operation and its minimization using linear programming. After calculating the optimal operating points of EV, a novel framework was developed to calculate optimal bidding components of EV, regulation capacity and energy cost function to participate in the regulation market. Simulation results show the efficiency of the developed linear model. Results also provide pathways for possible opportunities of revenue stream for the EV owner, by offering the regulation up/down services, without limiting the EV owners level of comfort.
AB - Increasing share of renewable energy sources in the electric sector, forces the system operators to include new resources for frequency regulations with fast ramping. Electric vehicles (EVs) with fast charging and short battery reaction time are becoming promising source for frequency regulations. Therefore, it is worthwhile to evaluate EV's abilities and associated cost to participate in the frequency regulation activity. In this paper, we first present a linear model of EV operating in charging/discharging mode and impact of battery degradation during these activities. We then define a cost function for EV operation and its minimization using linear programming. After calculating the optimal operating points of EV, a novel framework was developed to calculate optimal bidding components of EV, regulation capacity and energy cost function to participate in the regulation market. Simulation results show the efficiency of the developed linear model. Results also provide pathways for possible opportunities of revenue stream for the EV owner, by offering the regulation up/down services, without limiting the EV owners level of comfort.
KW - battery degradation
KW - electric vehicle
KW - frequency regulation
KW - linear program
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84956852851&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84956852851&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285982
DO - 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285982
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84956852851
T3 - IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting
BT - 2015 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2015
PB - IEEE Computer Society
T2 - IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2015
Y2 - 26 July 2015 through 30 July 2015
ER -