TY - GEN
T1 - Determination of bed shear stress by digital particle image velocimetry in turbulent open channel flow
AU - Martin, James Robert
AU - Steinberg, Laura J.
AU - Michaelides, Efstathios E.
PY - 2004
Y1 - 2004
N2 - A precise knowledge of bed shear stress (τo) in open channels is useful in many fluid mechanics problems, such as sediment transport modeling, channel bed design, and resuspension modeling. Direct measurement of τo is extremely difficult. For this reason, τo is often computed from analytical expressions of the velocity field using time-averaged, water column velocity data obtained from hot-media anemometry. Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) has also been employed for the computation of τo, using either the law of the wall theory or the Reynolds distribution for shear stress, τ, in the water column: τ = -ρu′v′̄. The resulting vertical profile of τ is then extrapolated down to the bed/sediment interface to yield τo. However, LDA is limited because the volume viewed by its laser intersection is very small; thus the measuring device must be moved several times in order to complete the measurements. In this project, Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) is used to compute the vertical profile of τ using the Reynolds shear stress distribution for a fully developed turbulent flow field. DPIV is a non-intrusive optical technique that computes velocity vectors in a two-dimensional field using cross correlation of particle locations taken nanoseconds apart with a laser and recording camera. For this experiment, the area viewed by the DPIV was a small section inside the boundary layer, within 1 mm of the gravely-sand sediment bed. Because of experimental limitations, turbulent flow was induced by a front step in the open channel. Under these conditions, a shear stress profile should consist of two portions meeting to form a semi-parabolic shape. This pattern was observed in all profiles produced in the experiment. Copyright ASCE 2004.
AB - A precise knowledge of bed shear stress (τo) in open channels is useful in many fluid mechanics problems, such as sediment transport modeling, channel bed design, and resuspension modeling. Direct measurement of τo is extremely difficult. For this reason, τo is often computed from analytical expressions of the velocity field using time-averaged, water column velocity data obtained from hot-media anemometry. Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) has also been employed for the computation of τo, using either the law of the wall theory or the Reynolds distribution for shear stress, τ, in the water column: τ = -ρu′v′̄. The resulting vertical profile of τ is then extrapolated down to the bed/sediment interface to yield τo. However, LDA is limited because the volume viewed by its laser intersection is very small; thus the measuring device must be moved several times in order to complete the measurements. In this project, Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) is used to compute the vertical profile of τ using the Reynolds shear stress distribution for a fully developed turbulent flow field. DPIV is a non-intrusive optical technique that computes velocity vectors in a two-dimensional field using cross correlation of particle locations taken nanoseconds apart with a laser and recording camera. For this experiment, the area viewed by the DPIV was a small section inside the boundary layer, within 1 mm of the gravely-sand sediment bed. Because of experimental limitations, turbulent flow was induced by a front step in the open channel. Under these conditions, a shear stress profile should consist of two portions meeting to form a semi-parabolic shape. This pattern was observed in all profiles produced in the experiment. Copyright ASCE 2004.
KW - Channel beds
KW - Digital techniques
KW - Measurement
KW - Open channel flow
KW - Shear stress
KW - Turbulent flow
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U2 - 10.1061/40517(2000)292
DO - 10.1061/40517(2000)292
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:74949143134
SN - 0784405174
SN - 9780784405178
T3 - Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000: Building Partnerships
BT - Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000
T2 - Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000
Y2 - 30 July 2000 through 2 August 2000
ER -