Conditions for ubiquitous computing: What can be learned from a longitudinal study

Based on survey data and interview data collected over four academic years, this longitudinal study examined how a ubiquitous computing project evolved along with the changes in teachers, students, the human infrastructure, and technology infrastructure in the school. This study also investigated what conditions were necessary for successful ubiquitous computing and how these conditions changed at different stages of implementation. The results revealed that over the four academic years, this ubiquitous computing project had changed from a bold innovation to an integral component of everyday teaching and learning. Students' use of the technology gradually matured, focusing more on learning-related activities. There were different issues and challenges regarding ubiquitous computing at different stages of implementation, and thus required continuous adjustment in the management and support system accordingly. Suggestions for practices and future research on ubiquitous computing are provided.