@article{5acc8d55cc3c43a6b348da99a3f25ca7,
title = "Childhood Adversities and Adult Cardiometabolic Health: Does the Quantity, Timing, and Type of Adversity Matter?",
abstract = "Objective: Adverse events in childhood can indelibly influence adult health. While evidence for this association has mounted, a fundamental set of questions about how to operationalize adverse events has been understudied. Method: We used data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States to examine how quantity, timing, and types of adverse events in childhood are associated with adult cardiometabolic health. Results: The best-fitting specification of quantity of events was a linear measure reflecting a dose-response relationship. Timing of event mattered less than repeated exposure to events. Regarding the type of event, academic interruptions and sexual/physical abuse were most important. Adverse childhood events elevated the risk of diabetes and obesity similarly for men and women but had a greater impact on women's risk of heart disease. Discussion: Findings demonstrate the insights that can be gleaned about the early-life origins of adult health by examining operationalization of childhood exposures.",
keywords = "childhood, diabetes, gender, heart disease, life course, midlife, obesity",
author = "Friedman, {Esther M.} and Montez, {Jennifer Karas} and Sheehan, {Connor Mc Devitt} and Guenewald, {Tara L.} and Seeman, {Teresa E.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (P01-AG020166) to conduct a longitudinal follow-up of the MIDUS (Midlife in the U.S.) investigation. The original study was supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Midlife Development. Friedman and Montez were funded in part by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health & Society Scholars Program at Harvard University. Sheehan was funded in part by grant 5 R24 HD042849 (PI: Mark D. Hayward) awarded to the Population Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. This work was also funded by grants M01-RR000865 (UCLA CTRC grant, supported MIDUS data collection), and P30-AG028748 (Older Americans Independence Center; supported MIDUS data collection) from the National Institute of Health. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} SAGE Publications.",
year = "2015",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/0898264315580122",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "27",
pages = "1311--1338",
journal = "Journal of Aging and Health",
issn = "0898-2643",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
number = "8",
}