Alcohol Treatment Research Contributing to Changes in Substance Use Behavior and Related Negative Consequences

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which two of the more salient characteristics of a treatment research assessment protocol (i.e., the comprehensiveness of the assessment battery and the frequency of its administration) for alcohol use disorder contribute to reductions in substance use and related negative consequences. Method: Study participants were recruited from two hospital-administered substance use disorder outpatient clinics. Two hundred thirty-five individuals presenting for outpatient alcohol treatment screened study eligible and provided informed consent. Study participants were randomized to one of four research assessment conditions (i.e., frequent-comprehensive, frequent-brief, infrequent-comprehensive, and infrequent-brief) based on the crossing of a 2 (i.e., assessment comprehensiveness: comprehensive vs. brief) by 2 (i.e., assessment frequency: frequent vs. infrequent) factorial design. Results: Individuals assigned to the frequent assessment conditions reported greater reductions in substance use and substance use–related negative consequences relative to their counterparts assigned to the infrequent assessment conditions. In addition, a greater proportion of individuals assigned to the frequent assessment conditions reported abstinence from both alcohol and other substances. Conclusions: The improvements in substance use and related negative consequences associated with more frequent research assessments were statistically significant and clinically meaningful.